| HS Code | 255718 |
| Product Name | Polylactic Acid REVODE213 |
| Density | 1.25 g/cm³ |
| Melt Flow Rate | 10-20 g/10 min at 190°C/2.16 kg |
| Melting Point | 170-180 °C |
| Glass Transition Temperature | 55-60 °C |
| Tensile Strength | 60 MPa |
| Elongation At Break | 5% |
| Flexural Strength | 80 MPa |
| Flexural Modulus | 3000 MPa |
| Impact Strength | 2.5 kJ/m² |
| Heat Deflection Temperature | 55 °C |
| Vicat Softening Temperature | 60 °C |
| Processing Temperature | 190-220 °C |
As an accredited Polylactic Acid REVODE213 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Polylactic Acid REVODE213 is packaged in 25 kg net multi-wall paper bags, palletized and shrink-wrapped for secure industrial transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Container Loading (20′ FCL): Polylactic Acid REVODE213 loaded in 20-foot full container load, palletized, moisture-protected, and secured for ocean shipment. |
| Shipping | Polylactic Acid REVODE213 is a non-hazardous, biodegradable thermoplastic resin. It is not classified as dangerous goods for transport and has no UN number. Ship in original sealed packaging, keep dry, and protect from heat, moisture, direct sunlight, contamination, and package damage. Handle as general cargo. |
| Storage | Store Polylactic Acid REVODE213 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat, ignition sources, and direct sunlight. Keep containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption. Recommended storage: below 30°C and low humidity (under 50% RH). Avoid prolonged contact with strong oxidizers. Use secondary containment and follow local regulations. Shelf life is typically 12 months under proper storage conditions. |
| Shelf Life | Polylactic Acid REVODE213 has a typical shelf life of 12 months when stored sealed, cool, dry, and protected from moisture, heat, and sunlight. |
REVODE213 is assessed below for injection-molding-dominated downstream applications where melt flow, compostable food-contact status, and crystallinity after annealing determine tool and part design. The grade is not assessed for film, blow molding, or high-elongation thermoformed lids requiring greater than 50% elongation at break, because those applications demand a different PLA architecture. Unless otherwise stated, all melt-processing temperatures are measured at the nozzle or die and all loadings are weight-percent of the total compound. Moisture management is the common failure boundary across all applications: a residual moisture content above 250 ppm by Karl Fischer under ISO 15512:2019 before melting reduces molecular weight by hydrolysis and causes viscosity loss, flash, and gas splay.
In high-cavitation cutlery molding, REVODE213 is usually run at a nozzle melt temperature of 190–200°C, with the rear barrel at 165–175°C and the compression/metering zones at 175–195°C. The lower boundary is fixed by incomplete cavity filling in fork tine tips at wall sections below 0.8 mm, while the upper boundary is fixed by plate-out on mold vents and hot-runner tips when melt residence time exceeds 8 min at 200°C. The material requires forced desiccant drying to a dew point of −40°C for 4–6 h at 80°C; incoming resin in multi-wall paper sacks or supersacks absorbs moisture above 60% RH and must not be processed after more than 2 h of open hopper residence without a closed hopper dryer. Formulation addition ratio for a standard cutlery compound is 96.0–98.5 wt% REVODE213, 0.3–0.8 wt% nucleating agent—typically talc or poly(D-lactic acid) seeding—0.1–0.3 wt% antioxidative stabilizer, 0.2–0.5 wt% slip/anti-scratch additive, and 1.0–3.0 wt% pigment masterbatch when opacity is required. Increasing nucleating agent above 0.8 wt% reduces transparency and raises melt viscosity at the same barrel setting; decreasing it below 0.3 wt% leaves the part amorphous with a heat deflection temperature near 55°C under ISO 75-2:2013, method B. The production equipment typically includes a 20:1–25:1 L/D general-purpose screw, 32–64-cavity cold-runner or valve-gated hot-runner tooling, and a clamp force of 150–350 t depending on cavitation and projected area. Injection speed is typically 80–120 mm/s, hold pressure 600–900 bar, back pressure 5–15 bar, and screw rotation 60–120 rpm. For cutlery, the terminal product types include disposable forks, spoons, knives, stirrers, and cup lids marketed as industrially compostable. Compliance for this sector is governed by EN 13432:2000/AC:2005 for compostability, ASTM D6400-21 for North American municipal/industrial composting, EU 10/2011 food-contact migration testing under EN 1186-1:2002 and EN 13130-1:2004, and the resin supplier’s U.S. FDA Food Contact Notification status. Overall migration for the finished article must not exceed 10 mg/dm² under the simulant and time-temperature conditions assigned to the intended food type. Cutlery is not suitable for oven use or prolonged contact with boiling water; annealed or nucleated REVODE213 parts can tolerate brief hot-fill up to 80–90°C, but unannealed parts distort at 55–60°C.
When REVODE213 is converted into a 0.30–0.80 mm cast sheet for fresh produce clamshells, the critical control point is not melt temperature but sheet-thickness uniformity across the die width. The production line typically comprises a single-screw extruder with 30:1–36:1 L/D, a barrier screw, a melt pump, and a flexible-lip sheet die feeding a three-roll polishing stack. Barrel temperature profile is 175–185°C, die body 185–200°C, and roll stack 40–60°C; lowering roll-stack temperature below 35°C accelerates cooling but induces curl and stress whitening in hinge-fold areas. In sheet production, the compound is usually 97.0–99.0 wt% REVODE213, 0.3–0.7 wt% nucleating/clarifying additive, 0.1–0.2 wt% antioxidant, and 0.1–0.3 wt% lubricant; impact modifiers are omitted when clarity is the prime specification. If hinge toughness must exceed 8% elongation at break under ISO 527-2:2012, a 2–5 wt% biodegradable copolyester can be incorporated but transparency and stiffness decrease. Thermoforming downstream uses contact-heat ovens at 85–110°C and plug-assisted forming into 20–40°C cavities; sheet gauges below 0.25 mm show inconsistent wall thickness in deep-draw trays unless plug speed and delay are tightly controlled. Terminal products include fresh produce clamshells, salad bowls, bakery domes, and deli trays. Compliance relies on EU 10/2011 with overall migration below 10 mg/dm² under EN 1186-1:2002, EN 13432:2000/AC:2005, and ASTM D6400-21; density and melt-flow incoming checks are made under ISO 1183-1:2019 and ISO 1133-1:2022.
Filament extrusion from REVODE213 shifts the critical control point from injection pressure to diameter variance. The process line is built around a 20–30 mm single-screw extruder with 25:1–30:1 L/D, barrel zones 165/175/185/190°C, die temperature 190–195°C, and a water trough held at 35–50°C. A multi-axis laser diameter gauge operating at ≥ 100 Hz is used for closed-loop puller control. For 1.75 mm filament, diameter tolerance is maintained at ±0.05 mm and ovality at ≤0.03 mm; for 2.85 mm filament, the tolerance is ±0.10 mm and ovality ≤0.06 mm. Winding tension is kept at 2–5 N to prevent spool-to-spool layer deformation. Formulation addition ratio for PLA filament is 90.0–98.0 wt% REVODE213, 0–5.0 wt% acetyltributyl citrate or equivalent plasticizer, 0.3–1.0 wt% nucleating agent, 2.0–5.0 wt% pigment masterbatch, and 0–5.0 wt% biodegradable impact modifier for flexible grades. High pigment loadings above 5 wt% increase melt viscosity and require die pressure compensation. The terminal product type is spooled FDM/FFF filament for manufacturing aids, jigs, fixtures, and prototype parts. Compliance is governed by REACH 1907/2006 Annex XVII restricted substances, RoHS 2011/65/EU Annex II, ISO 527-2:2012 tensile testing of extruded strand, and ISO 1133-1:2022 for incoming melt-flow verification. Moisture regain is the primary storage failure: filament spools must be vacuum-sealed with desiccant after extrusion because PLA picks up surface moisture above 60% RH and embrittles during printing, with extruder jams observed when stored spools exceed 0.4 wt% moisture.
Replacement of polypropylene capsule bodies with REVODE213 in high-speed closure molding introduces a narrower melt-temperature window but eliminates post-consumer separation. The capsule body and lid ring are injection molded with wall sections of 0.35–0.60 mm in 8+8 stack molds or 32-cavity multi-component tools, nozzle melt temperature 190–200°C, mold temperature 20–50°C, injection speed 120–180 mm/s, and hold pressure 800–1100 bar. Formulation addition ratio for a rigid capsule body is 95.0–97.5 wt% REVODE213, 0.5–1.0 wt% talc nucleating agent, 0.2–0.5 wt% processing aid, 0.1–0.3 wt% antioxidant, and 1.0–3.0 wt% titanium dioxide masterbatch where light barrier is specified. The compliance framework includes EU 10/2011 and EN 1186-1:2002 for food-contact migration, EN 13432:2000/AC:2005 for industrial compostability, and ASTM D6400-21 for compostability claims in North America. Terminal product types are single-serve coffee and tea capsule bodies and ring-lid assemblies. The main operational boundary is oxygen transmission: PLA grades in this geometry typically exhibit 25–40 cm³·mm/(m²·day·atm) at 23°C and 50% RH, which is too high for unprotected roasted coffee shelf life. Published data for REVODE213-specific configuration is limited; full barrier validation must be performed on the filled capsule with secondary packaging or a thin compostable barrier coating.
For rigid cosmetic jars and refillable compacts, REVODE213 is specified where the molding operator needs mirror-gloss cavity replication, a renewable-carbon feedstock declaration, and a non-brittle snap fit. Processing uses thick-wall injection molding at 2–6 mm nominal wall, nozzle melt temperature 185–195°C, mold temperature 25–60°C, injection speed 30–70 mm/s, fill-to-pack transition by screw position, and packing pressure 500–1000 bar. To raise heat deflection temperature from the amorphous value near 55°C to 85–95°C, parts are annealed at 80–100°C for 30–60 min in constrained fixtures to prevent dimensional drift. Formulation addition ratio is 92.0–97.5 wt% REVODE213, 2.0–6.0 wt% biodegradable impact modifier when snap-fit toughness is needed, 1.0–3.0 wt% color masterbatch, 0.1–0.3 wt% antioxidant, and 0.1–0.3 wt% slip additive; transparent grades omit the impact modifier and retain light transmission sufficient for tinted jars. Terminal product types include cosmetic jars, refillable compacts, lip balm tubes, and overcaps. Compliance is governed by REACH 1907/2006 SVHC documentation, RoHS 2011/65/EU Annex II, the Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC, and ISO 178:2019 or ISO 527-2:2012 for incoming mechanical property verification. The main processing boundary is the annealing cycle penalty: unannealed parts must not be exposed to hot-fill above 60°C, and thick-wall parts cooled too rapidly exhibit sink marks and internal voids.
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Polylactic Acid REVODE213 is an aliphatic polyester supplied as cylindrical pellets for injection-molding and thin-wall rigid packaging operations. The resin is produced from lactic acid repeat units, and its melt rheology is controlled through molecular weight distribution and D-lactide content rather than through low-molecular-weight plasticizer addition. Published technical literature for unmodified PLA injection grades places density at 1.24–1.26 g/cm³ under ISO 1183-1:2019; REVODE213-specific certificate values should be confirmed against the supplier batch release document. The grade is specified where stiffness, clarity, and melt processability are required, but it is not a direct substitute for polypropylene or polyethylene in impact-dominated applications.
The numerical suffix in the REVODE series denotes application-specific melt flow and additive packaging. REVODE213 is assigned to injection-molding applications; extrusion-grade suffixes are not interchangeable without rheological comparison under ISO 1133-1:2022 and processing trials on the target mold.
PLA undergoes hydrolytic chain scission when residual moisture exceeds 250 ppm at melt temperatures above 180 °C. Desiccant drying at 80 °C for 4 h is the standard preparation for injection molding; ambient air ovens are not effective because equilibrium moisture remains above 0.1 wt%. On production-scale equipment, inadequate drying manifests as silver streaking, gate splay, viscosity loss, and screw torque instability. The melt temperature window for unmodified PLA is 190–230 °C, with an upper limit of 230 °C for continuous operation. At 240 °C, measurable molecular weight reduction occurs within 5–10 min, leading to reduced tensile strength and increased melt flow rate under ISO 1133-1:2022.
Melt residence time should not exceed 15 min at 210 °C; above 230 °C, residence time should be kept below 5 min. Hot runner channels and heated sprue bushings should be maintained at or below 230 °C to avoid localized degradation. Purging with polyethylene or polypropylene is recommended when shutting down, because PLA remains hydrolytically active during slow cool-down in the barrel. Venting at the barrel does not replace desiccant drying when atmospheric moisture is high.
Desiccant dryers with twin desiccant beds and dew point below -40 °C are recommended. Hopper temperature should be controlled at 80 ± 5 °C to avoid pellet clumping and inconsistent feed. Over-drying at temperatures above 100 °C can induce pellet deformation and introduce fines. In high-humidity plants, extended drying beyond 4 h may be required if the resin has been exposed to relative humidity above 60% for more than 24 h. A moisture analyzer using loss-on-drying at 105 °C or Karl Fischer titration can verify residual moisture below 250 ppm before processing.
Single-screw injection units with 20:1–24:1 L/D and compression ratio 2.5:1–3.0:1 are commonly used for PLA. General-purpose screws with deep feed sections and low-shear mixing elements minimize viscous heating. For thin-wall articles with flow length-to-thickness ratios above 200:1, clamp force requirements are lower than those for mineral-filled engineering resins, but high injection speeds of 150–250 mm/s are often required to prevent gate freeze-off before packing. Mold temperatures of 20–40 °C produce amorphous, transparent parts with rapid setup; mold temperatures of 80–110 °C promote spherulitic crystallization and improve heat deflection but extend cycle time by 30–60 s or more, depending on part thickness. The slow crystallization rate of unmodified PLA means that hot molds do not automatically produce crystalline parts unless nucleating agents or sufficient time are provided. Published data for REVODE213-specific crystallization half-time is limited; processing trials on the target mold are required before committing to high-temperature tooling.
Clamp force required for PLA thin-wall parts is typically 0.8–1.2 t/cm² of projected area, but this is highly dependent on cavity pressure. Direct-gated parts with long flow lengths may require 80–120 MPa injection pressure. Hot runner systems should use externally heated manifolds with temperature control accuracy of ±1 °C; internally heated systems can produce local hot spots above 240 °C.
Rheological data for unmodified PLA injection grades show shear thinning behavior at shear rates between 100 s⁻¹ and 10000 s⁻¹. Apparent viscosity at 210 °C and 100 s⁻¹ is in the range of 200–800 Pa·s, while at 1000 s⁻¹ it falls to 30–100 Pa·s. This sensitivity makes gate size and injection rate strong levers for cavity pressure. On twin-screw compounding lines with 40:1 L/D used to produce reinforced or nucleated compounds, PLA requires moderate screw speeds of 200–400 rpm and temperature settings 10–20 °C below injection-molding melt temperatures to limit adiabatic overheating. Vented barrels can strip residual moisture only if the melt is not fully saturated; desiccant drying remains the primary moisture control step.
| Parameter | Condition |
|---|---|
| Desiccant drying temperature | 80 °C |
| Drying time | 4 h |
| Residual moisture | < 250 ppm |
| Melt temperature | 190–230 °C |
| Maximum continuous melt temperature | 230 °C |
| Mold temperature, amorphous | 20–40 °C |
| Mold temperature, crystallized | 80–110 °C |
| Screw L/D ratio | 20:1–24:1 |
| Compression ratio | 2.5:1–3.0:1 |
| Maximum residence time at 210 °C | 15 min |
| Maximum residence time above 230 °C | 5 min |
| Back pressure | 0.3–1.0 MPa |
| Injection speed, thin-wall | 150–250 mm/s |
Hydrolytic degradation in PLA follows pseudo-first-order kinetics at low carboxylic acid concentrations, but autocatalytic acceleration occurs as chain scission generates additional carboxylic acid end groups. Above 200 °C, this autocatalytic pathway reduces molecular weight rapidly and increases the concentration of low-molecular-weight lactide and oligomers. Volatiles from degradation can create gas bubbles in thick sections, surface splay, and die drool on hot runner gates. The practical consequence is that melt temperature, moisture content, and residence time interact as a process window: a resin lot that is acceptable at 210 °C and 200 ppm moisture may fail at 230 °C and 300 ppm moisture within 5 min. Process engineers should monitor melt flow rate after molding as an indirect indicator of molecular weight retention; an increase greater than 3–5 g/10 min over the virgin pellet value under ISO 1133-1:2022 typically indicates degradation.
Thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen shows onset of mass loss for PLA at 250–300 °C; under air, oxidative degradation begins earlier. Therefore, purging with a heat-stable polymer and reducing barrel temperature during stoppages are required. Additive packages containing free amine groups or strongly alkaline lubricants accelerate ester hydrolysis and should be avoided unless compatibility is demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis and capillary rheometry. Acid-functional adhesion promoters may also influence degradation and should be evaluated in dry-blend trials before production use.
REVODE213 differs from extrusion-grade PLA in melt flow rate and molecular weight selection. Extrusion grades often require higher melt strength for bubble stability in blown film and cast film lines, whereas injection grades prioritize lower melt viscosity for rapid cavity filling. Compared with general-purpose PLA formulations, REVODE213 is positioned for thin-wall rigid packaging where sink marks, warpage, and gate blush are controlled through viscosity and thermal stabilizer selection. When compared with polypropylene homopolymer, unmodified PLA shows higher tensile modulus but lower notched impact strength and lower continuous-use temperature above the glass transition. When compared with mineral-filled PLA compounds, REVODE213 retains transparency because no particulate filler is present. Compared with stereocomplex PLA grades, the crystallization rate and heat deflection temperature of standard PLA grades are lower; stereocomplex systems can exceed 200 °C melting temperatures, while standard PLA remains in the 150–180 °C melting range. Published data for REVODE213-specific comparative values is limited, particularly for notched Izod and heat deflection after conditioning.
Within the REVODE series, the numerical suffix denotes application-specific melt flow and additive packages; published comparative data between different suffix grades is limited, so direct substitution should not be made without rheological comparison under ISO 1133-1:2022.
The values in Table 2 represent the published envelope for unmodified PLA injection-molding grades, not grade-specific certificate values for REVODE213. They are provided to anchor material selection against recognized test standards. REVODE213 is expected to fall within the lower-to-mid melt flow region of this envelope, based on its intended thin-wall injection application; however, supplier certificate values must be obtained for compliance-critical work. Property values should be measured on specimens conditioned at 23 °C and 50 % RH for 48 h per ISO 291. Notched Izod is sensitive to mold temperature; amorphous specimens often show lower values than annealed specimens. Heat deflection temperature after annealing can increase from 55 °C to 90–100 °C in some nucleated PLA formulations, but unmodified grade response is limited.
| Property | Test standard | Typical range |
|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.24–1.26 g/cm³ |
| Melt flow rate at 210 °C, 2.16 kg | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 5–30 g/10 min |
| Tensile strength at yield | ASTM D638-14 | 45–70 MPa |
| Tensile modulus | ASTM D638-14 | 3000–3800 MPa |
| Elongation at break | ASTM D638-14 | 2–6% |
| Flexural modulus | ISO 178:2019 | 3000–3800 MPa |
| Notched Izod impact | ISO 180:2019 | 2–4 kJ/m² |
| Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-2:2013 | 50–60 °C |
| Vicat softening temperature | ISO 306:2022 | 55–65 °C |
| Melting temperature | ISO 11357-3:2018 | 150–180 °C |
| Glass transition temperature | ISO 11357-2:2020 | 55–60 °C |
Raising mold temperature above 100 °C shifts the cooling rate below the maximum crystallization rate of PLA, but cycle time increases because spherulitic growth is still slow. At mold temperatures below 60 °C, parts solidify in an amorphous state with lower heat deflection. If a molder attempts to use mold temperatures of 100–110 °C without adjusting cooling time, parts may be ejected before crystallization reaches sufficient level, causing post-demolding shrinkage and dimensional instability. For REVODE213, no published crystallization kinetics data are available; therefore, cooling time should be determined experimentally by differential scanning calorimetry under ISO 11357-3:2018 on molded specimens and by measuring part weight, dimensions, and heat deflection temperature after 24 h at 23 °C and 50 % RH. Thermal annealing of amorphous parts at 80–100 °C for 30–60 min can increase crystallinity but may induce warpage in parts with uneven wall thickness.
Dimensional stability is further affected by moisture absorption after molding. PLA can absorb up to 0.3–0.5 wt% moisture at 50 % RH over several weeks. This moisture uptake plasticizes the surface and can reduce glass transition temperature by several degrees, altering stiffness and creep behavior. Parts requiring stable dimensions in humid service should be sealed or tested under simulated service conditions before release.
Thin-wall injection molding with wall thickness below 1.0 mm requires gate sizes of 0.5–0.8 mm and high injection rates. Flow length-to-thickness ratios above 200:1 require melt temperatures near 220–230 °C and high mold temperatures to prevent short shots. However, increasing melt temperature narrows the degradation margin, so residence time must be carefully controlled. Ejection temperature should be below the glass transition of the skin layer; premature ejection leads to gate area deformation and surface marks. Mold release agents based on silicone are typically used at low concentrations; excessive release can interfere with ultrasonic welding or adhesion.
REVODE213 is applied in rigid packaging, disposable cutlery, and thin-wall medical or cosmetic packaging where clarity and stiffness are required. It is not suitable for continuous service above 50 °C unless annealed or compounded with a nucleating package. In high-humidity service, hydrolytic aging reduces molecular weight; designers should use a safety factor of at least 2.0 on tensile strength for parts exposed to 60 °C and 85 % RH for extended periods. Published data for REVODE213-specific service life under these conditions is limited.
Regulatory conformity for REVODE213 must be verified against the batch-specific certificate. PLA grades may be tested for heavy metals and migration under REACH and RoHS directive 2011/65/EU. Food-contact suitability is not intrinsic to the polymer alone; it depends on additive package, conversion aid residues, and national migration testing under frameworks such as FDA 21 CFR 175.300 or EU Regulation 10/2011. No claim of food-contact compliance is made here. Storage in unopened bags at 10–30 °C and relative humidity below 60% is standard; opened bags should be re-sealed and used within 8 h under high-humidity conditions. The material should not be combined with free amine-containing masterbatches or strongly alkaline lubricants, because such additives accelerate ester hydrolysis and reduce molecular weight during melt processing.
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