| HS Code | 104150 |
| Productname | Polylactic Acid REVODE290 |
| Chemicalname | Poly(lactic acid) |
| Casnumber | 26100-51-6 |
| Chemicalformula | (C3H4O2)n |
| Appearance | White pellets |
| Density | 1.24 g/cm³ |
| Meltflowrate | 10-20 g/10min (190°C, 2.16 kg) |
| Meltingpoint | 170-180°C |
| Glasstransitiontemperature | 55-60°C |
| Tensilestrength | 50-60 MPa |
| Elongationatbreak | 3-10% |
| Flexuralstrength | 80-100 MPa |
| Flexuralmodulus | 3000-3500 MPa |
| Notchedizodimpactstrength | 2-5 kJ/m² |
| Heatdeflectiontemperature | 55-60°C |
| Vicatsofteningtemperature | 60-65°C |
| Biodegradability | Compostable under industrial composting conditions |
| Moisturecontent | ≤0.05% |
As an accredited Polylactic Acid REVODE290 factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Polylactic Acid REVODE290 is supplied in 25 kg sealed moisture-barrier bags and 1,000 kg bulk sacks. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Polylactic Acid REVODE290 is palletized and securely loaded into a 20-foot FCL container, moisture-protected, evenly distributed, with lashing for transport. |
| Shipping | Polylactic Acid REVODE290 is shipped as non-hazardous, solid polymer pellets in sealed 25 kg bags or bulk containers. It requires no dangerous goods classification. Store and transport in a cool, dry, ventilated area, away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. Standard industrial handling applies. |
| Storage | Store Polylactic Acid REVODE290 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat, and ignition sources. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption. Avoid contact with strong oxidizers, acids, and bases. Maintain recommended temperature and humidity, and use within shelf life. Store in original packaging and handle with clean, dry equipment to avoid contamination. |
| Shelf Life | Stored sealed in original packaging, cool and dry away from sunlight, Polylactic Acid REVODE290 has a typical 24-month shelf life. |
For injection-moulded single-use cutlery, REVODE290 is processed at a base-resin addition ratio of 100 wt%, with external nucleating masterbatch at 0.5–2.0 wt% and a vegetable-derived processing lubricant at 0.1–0.4 wt% only where gate blush or demoulding forces exceed tool safety margins. Pre-drying follows a desiccant-bed dryer with a dew point of −40 °C, an air temperature of 80 °C, and a residence time of 4 h to bring pellet moisture below 250 ppm; operations at >60% relative humidity require sealed hoppers or continuous dryer purge because poly(lactic acid) regains surface moisture within minutes and undergoes hydrolysis-induced melt viscosity drift. The downstream injection moulding process uses a reciprocating-screw machine with a screw L/D of 22:1–25:1, compression ratio of 2.0:1–2.8:1, and a cold-runner multi-cavity tool; barrel temperatures are set from 170 °C near the feed throat to 200 °C at the nozzle, while the mould circuit holds cavity temperatures at 15–35 °C to suppress cold crystallisation and prevent part sticking. Injection pressure is typically 800–1,200 bar, hold pressure 400–700 bar, and clamp force 1,500–3,000 kN for multi-cavity cutlery tools, because insufficient clamp tonnage leads to flash at the parting line as melt viscosity shifts with moisture variation. Terminal product types include forks, spoons, knives, and sporks intended for cold or ambient food contact. Applicable industry compliance standards are EU Regulation 10/2011 for plastic food-contact materials, US FDA food-contact notification for polylactic acid, and EN 13432:2000 or ASTM D6400-23 for industrial compostability claims. A limitation for this segment is continuous service at food-contact temperatures above 60 °C; amorphous PLA parts soften near the glass transition, so hot-fill or reheated food use is outside the validated operating boundary unless the part is deliberately nucleated and annealed.
Thermoformed transparent clamshells made from REVODE290 are produced from amorphous extruded sheet, not directly from pellets, and the formulation addition ratio for this downstream segment is 100 wt% REVODE290 with 0.1–0.3 wt% silica-based anti-block and 0.1–0.2 wt% slip masterbatch; nucleating agents are deliberately omitted from transparent grades because talc or boron nitride at 0.5–1.0 wt% creates haze above 5% and negates the optical clarity required for produce display packaging. Downstream sheet extrusion uses a single-screw extruder with L/D 32:1–40:1, a barrel profile of 180–210 °C, a gear pump, and a flexible-lip die; the sheet gauge is typically 0.3–1.0 mm, and the polishing-stack rolls are held at 30–45 °C to quench the melt into an amorphous state with residual crystallinity below 5%. The sheet is reheated to 90–110 °C in a tunnel oven and plug-assisted thermoformed at forming pressures of 4–7 bar, with aluminium mould temperatures of 20–40 °C. Terminal product types include clear clamshells, bakery trays, produce containers, and deli lids. Compliance for food contact is established through EU Regulation 10/2011 and US FDA FCN migration testing, while compostability claims require EN 13432:2000 or ASTM D6400-23 certification; grade-specific data for REVODE290 migration at high surface-to-volume ratios are available from converter test reports and are considered limited if not generated on the actual sheet line.
Extrusion coating of REVODE290 onto paperboard for cold-service paper cups and trays is conducted at a formulation addition ratio of 100 wt% PLA as the coating resin, with 0.1–0.3 wt% slip/anti-block concentrate to reduce blocking of finished reels; a PLA/PBAT blend at 80/20 wt% is used only where pinhole resistance after board flexing is critical, because PBAT modifies the viscosity balance and increases neck-in if not compensated by die-lip geometry and shorter air-gap settings. The downstream process deploys an extruder with L/D 24:1–30:1, barrel temperatures of 190–215 °C, an adaptor and flat die maintained at 195–210 °C, and a die gap of 0.5–0.8 mm, while the coating line runs at 80–150 m/min with a coating weight of 15–30 g/m²; corona pretreatment of the paperboard surface to 42–46 dyn/cm is mandatory for adhesion. Terminal product types are compostable cold-beverage cups, ice-cream cartons, paperboard food trays, and sandwich wedge packs. Compliance is evaluated under EU Regulation 1935/2004/EC and EU Regulation 10/2011 for the plastic layer, US FDA FCN for food contact, and EN 13432:2000 for organic recovery of the finished paper-plastic composite. The main operational boundary is line speed: above 150 m/min, melt curtain instability and edge tear are observed unless the die-lip lands are shortened and the air gap is reduced to 100–150 mm.
REVODE290 used for fused filament fabrication feedstock is converted into monofilament at 1.75 mm or 2.85 mm diameter with an addition ratio of 100 wt% PLA for standard rigid filament, while impact-modified filament uses 5–15 wt% of a biodegradable polyester or impact-modifier masterbatch and 0.3–0.8 wt% chain extender to stabilise melt strength; pigment content is kept at 2–5 wt% for opaque colours because higher loadings reduce measurable melt flow stability and produce diameter oscillations. Downstream filament extrusion runs on a single-screw extruder with L/D 24:1–30:1, barrel temperatures of 175–195 °C, a breaker plate with 60–80 mesh screens, and a water bath held at 25–30 °C; dual-axis laser micrometers with a tolerance band of ±0.03 mm for 1.75 mm filament and ±0.05 mm for 2.85 mm filament are linked to godet speed control. Terminal product types are spooled FDM/FFF filament for prototyping, position jigs, educational parts, and short-run tooling. Applicable standards for feedstock characterisation are ISO 1133-1:2022 for melt mass-flow rate, ISO 527-2 for tensile properties, and ISO 1183-1:2019 for density, with REACH EC 1907/2006 and RoHS 2011/65/EU compliance required for EU market access. The main failure mode observed on filament lines is ovality above 0.05 mm after water-bath temperature drift; stabilising the water bath to ±1 °C is necessary because PLA solidification rate is sensitive to quench uniformity.
| Application area | Regulatory instrument | Test method | Key test condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Food-contact injection moulding | EU Regulation 10/2011, US FDA FCN | EN 1186-1:2002, EN 13130-1:2004 | Overall migration in 3% acetic acid, 10 days at 40 °C |
| Thermoformed food packaging | EU Regulation 10/2011, US FDA FCN | EN 1186-1:2002, EN 13130-1:2004 | Overall migration in 10% ethanol, 10 days at 40 °C |
| Extrusion-coated paperboard | EU Regulation 1935/2004/EC, EU 10/2011 | EN 1186-1:2002 | Overall migration ≤ 10 mg/dm² |
| Compostable food serviceware | EN 13432:2000, ASTM D6400-23 | ISO 14855-1:2012, ISO 16929:2021 | 90% biodegradation in 180 days; 12-week disintegration |
| Filament feedstock | REACH EC 1907/2006, RoHS 2011/65/EU | ISO 1133-1:2022, ISO 527-2 | 190 °C/2.16 kg for MFR; 1 mm/min tensile |
Compounding REVODE290 with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) for compostable flexible packaging is performed at a REVODE290 addition ratio of 60–70 wt%, PBAT at 30–40 wt%, and epoxidized compatibilizer at 0.2–0.5 wt% to reduce interfacial tension and prevent delamination at the die lip. The downstream compounding step uses a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 40:1, zone temperatures from 160–190 °C, screw speed 300–500 rpm, and side-fed PBAT at the downstream feed port to limit thermal exposure of REVODE290; the melt is pelletised underwater and dried to below 250 ppm before film blowing. Film blowing conditions for the compounded material use a die temperature of 170–185 °C, a blow-up ratio of 2.5:1–3.0:1, and a frost-line height controlled to 1.5–2.5 times die diameter; low melt strength of REVODE290 at processing temperatures requires a stabilised bubble and closed-loop internal bubble cooling. Terminal product types include compostable carrier bags, produce bags, and organic-waste bin liners. Compliance is assessed under EN 13432:2000 for industrial compostability and ASTM D6400-23 for North American claims, with food-contact grades requiring EU Regulation 10/2011 or US FDA FCN where produce bags are used in direct food contact. Published data for REVODE290/PBAT blend films are limited to converter-specific trials; the melt strength and tear resistance of the final film are strongly influenced by PBAT source, compatibilizer chemistry, and the moisture content of REVODE290 entering the compounder.
Mineral-filled REVODE290 compounds used in rigid cosmetic and personal-care packaging are formulated at a REVODE290 addition ratio of 70–85 wt%, with calcium carbonate or talc at 10–20 wt%, an impact-modifier masterbatch at 5–10 wt%, and a coupling agent at 0.5–1.0 wt%; the filler addition ratio is selected below 20 wt% because notched Izod impact strength declines sharply as filler particles exceed the critical interparticle spacing in the PLA matrix. Downstream compounding is performed on a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 36:1–44:1, barrel temperatures of 170–195 °C, side-stuffer filler addition after the plastication zone, and atmospheric venting before vacuum devolatilisation at −0.08 MPa; the pelletised compound is then injection-moulded at barrel temperatures of 180–200 °C and mould temperatures of 25–35 °C. Terminal product types are lipstick tubes, compact cases, caps, closures, dental floss handles, and other rigid non-food consumer articles. Compliance requirements are REACH EC 1907/2006 and RoHS 2011/65/EU for EU market placement, with toy-adjacent articles requiring EN 71-3:2019+A1:2021 migration of certain elements testing; food-contact use is excluded for this filled compound unless specific FCN data are generated. A processing boundary for this application is the melt residence-time limit: filler-induced viscous heating in the compression zone can produce local temperatures above 210 °C, causing molecular weight loss when the residence time exceeds 8–10 minutes.
Foam extrusion of REVODE290 for compostable loose-fill and protective packaging is carried out with a REVODE290 addition ratio of 95–98 wt%, an endothermic chemical blowing agent masterbatch at 1–3 wt%, and a nucleating talc concentrate at 0.5–1.5 wt%; physical foaming with supercritical CO₂ at 1–3 wt% injection is an alternative configuration that requires a high-pressure gas-injection system. The downstream extrusion line uses a tandem configuration with a primary extruder L/D 32:1–40:1 for melting at 180–200 °C and a cooling extruder that reduces melt temperature to 140–160 °C before the die; the die pressure is maintained above 70 bar to keep gas in solution, and the die gap is set at 0.5–1.0 mm for sheet foam. Terminal product types are compostable loose-fill peanuts, protective corner blocks, and cushioning sheets. Compliance for compostability is based on EN 13432:2000 and ASTM D6400-23, with REACH EC 1907/2006 applying to the chemical blowing agent residues. The controlling process boundary is melt strength: if the melt temperature at the die exceeds 165 °C, gas escape and cell collapse are observed, while melt temperatures below 140 °C produce high melt pressure and torque spikes that can exceed the extruder drive capacity; conversion of REVODE290 without a chain extender at 0.2–0.5 wt% reduces the stable foaming window from approximately ±10 °C to less than ±5 °C.
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Polylactic Acid REVODE290 is a high-flow injection moulding grade of poly(L-lactic acid) produced by Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd. under the REVODE trade name. The resin is manufactured by catalytic ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide, yielding a predominantly linear polyester with a D-lactide content below 2 mol%. The material is supplied in translucent pellet form and is specified for thin-wall parts where melt flow, stiffness, and optical clarity are required during conversion. A 2 mm plaque shows light transmission above 90% when tested according to ASTM D1003-21. Density is 1.24 g/cm³ according to ISO 1183-1:2019.
Compared with extrusion-oriented PLA grades in the same product family, REVODE290 has a higher melt flow index, which permits shorter filling times and lower injection pressure in multi-cavity tools. The grade is not a random copolymer; the low D-lactide content preserves crystallizability after annealing, although as-moulded parts are largely amorphous because rapid cooling suppresses crystal growth.
| Property | Test method | Typical value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Density | ISO 1183-1:2019 | 1.24 | g/cm³ |
| Melt flow rate at 210 °C, 2.16 kg | ISO 1133-1:2022 | 20–30 | g/10 min |
| Tensile stress at yield | ISO 527-2:2012 | 60 | MPa |
| Tensile modulus | ISO 527-2:2012 | 3500 | MPa |
| Elongation at break | ISO 527-2:2012 | 3–5 | % |
| Notched Izod impact strength | ISO 180/A:2000 | 2.5 | kJ/m² |
| Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-2:2013 method B | 55–60 | °C |
| Glass transition temperature | ISO 11357-2:2020 | 55–60 | °C |
| Crystalline melting temperature | ISO 11357-3:2018 | 165–180 | °C |
The values are generated on injection-moulded test specimens conditioned at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity for 48 h unless otherwise indicated. These figures are producer-reported typical values, not batch guarantees. Melt flow rate may shift by ±3 g/10 min between production campaigns; processors with narrow holding-pressure windows should request lot-specific melt viscosity curves from the supplier.
Residual moisture above 250 ppm is the critical operating boundary for REVODE290. Moisture removal at 80 °C for 4 h in a desiccant dryer with a dew point not higher than -40 °C is required when ambient relative humidity exceeds 60%. Dried pellets should be transferred to the machine throat through dried air or insulated hoppers; exposure to plant air longer than 30 min can raise surface moisture above 500 ppm and produce splay on transparent parts. On equipment with long open feed throats, hopper dryers are insufficient during humid seasons, and closed-loop central drying with dew-point monitoring is required.
Thermal degradation is autocatalytic. The ester linkage is susceptible to hydrolysis when both moisture and heat are present. A residual moisture content below 250 ppm is therefore not a conservative recommendation but a threshold. At 240 °C melt temperature, hydrolysis reduces molecular weight by random chain scission, lowering zero-shear viscosity and notched impact strength. Capillary rheometer studies on PLA show that residence times beyond 8 min at 240 °C can reduce melt viscosity by more than 20% relative to fresh material. The effect is less severe at 200 °C, where viscosity loss can be held below 10% over 15 min if moisture is properly controlled.
Melt temperature settings for REVODE290 in injection moulding should be profiled from 180 °C in the rear zone to 210 °C at the nozzle. For hot-runner systems, manifold and tip temperatures should remain below 220 °C because local shear heating in small gates can exceed the set point by 10 °C to 15 °C. In thin-wall parts with filling time below 0.5 s, shear rates above 10,000 s⁻¹ are encountered; this may cause melt fracture and loss of optical clarity if gate land length is too short.
Sheet extrusion on a single-screw line with L/D 30:1 and a barrier screw is feasible; a melt pump is recommended to reduce surging. On twin-screw compounding extruders with L/D 40:1, barrel temperatures should be profiled from 160 °C at the feed zone to 200 °C at the die, with screw speeds below 300 rpm to avoid excessive viscous dissipation. Venting is necessary to remove residual moisture, lactide, and acetaldehyde.
In thin-wall injection moulding of transparent cups with wall thickness from 0.5 mm to 0.8 mm, REVODE290 is processed in hot-runner tools with manifold temperatures of 200 °C to 210 °C and gate diameters not less than 0.8 mm. The resin fills the tool at melt temperatures of 200 °C to 215 °C and tool temperatures of 15 °C to 30 °C. Water-cooled moulds are required to achieve short cycle times; ejection at 55 °C prevents distortion. Disposable cutlery manufactured from REVODE290 exhibits bend stiffness comparable to general-purpose polystyrene but with lower heat tolerance; the products are not intended for service above 55 °C unless annealed.
On production-scale injection moulding machines with clamp force between 1,000 kN and 3,500 kN, the observed failure modes are gas splay, gate blush, and part distortion at ejection. These are traceable to moisture, excessive melt temperature, and insufficient cooling time respectively. The use of valve-gated hot runners reduces gate vestige and improves regrind consistency. Published data for REVODE290 in long-term medical device applications are limited; drug-infusion housings and diagnostic components should be evaluated for cytotoxicity per ISO 10993-5 and for leachables under ISO 10993-18 before production.
Substitution of a lower-flow PLA grade with REVODE290 requires re-validation of the injection velocity profile, hold pressure, and back pressure. The lower melt viscosity at shear rates of 1000 s⁻¹ may increase the risk of flash in tools with worn parting lines or insufficient clamp force. Hold pressure should generally be reduced by 10% to 20% relative to a 5 g/10 min extrusion grade. Cavity pressure sensors should be integrated to set hold-pressure end points rather than using fixed timer-based transfer.
In a typical single-cavity cup tool, switching from a 5 g/10 min PLA to REVODE290 can reduce peak injection pressure from 95 MPa to 70 MPa at the same fill time. Published data for this exact comparison are limited; machine-specific trials should be used to confirm the offset. Quantitative shrinkage and warpage data for REVODE290 in medical housing moulds are also less widely published; tooling trials should measure actual mould shrinkage on the production tool before steel dimensioning.
Comparative performance against other PLA grades and polyethylene terephthalate is summarised in the following matrix.
| Material / grade | Melt flow rate at 210 °C, 2.16 kg | Heat deflection temperature at 0.45 MPa | Density | Typical process |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| REVODE290 | 20–30 g/10 min | 55–60 °C | 1.24 g/cm³ | Thin-wall injection moulding |
| Lower-flow PLA grade | 5–15 g/10 min | 50–55 °C | 1.24 g/cm³ | General-purpose injection moulding |
| Extrusion PLA | 2–4 g/10 min | 50–55 °C | 1.24 g/cm³ | Sheet, film, fibre |
| Aromatic polyester, PET | Not applicable under PLA conditions | 65–70 °C | 1.35 g/cm³ | Bottle and sheet extrusion |
The comparative matrix indicates that REVODE290 occupies a high-flow segment of the PLA range. The primary trade-off is that high flow is achieved by molecular weight control and may reduce melt strength in sheet extrusion compared with extrusion grades. For thermoforming applications, feedstock selection should combine REVODE290 with up to 20% regrind, provided the regrind is dried to the same moisture threshold; higher regrind fractions degrade impact and draw uniformity.
Compared with amorphous PLA, REVODE290 has lower D-lactide content, permitting strain-induced crystallisation during orientation and a measurable crystalline melting peak at 165–180 °C. Compared with polyhydroxyalkanoates, REVODE290 has a narrower processing window but higher stiffness. Amine-based additives and certain transition metal catalysts should be avoided because they can accelerate transesterification and molecular weight loss.
Regulatory status for REVODE290 is not a single unconditional compliance claim. Food-contact suitability must be confirmed for each specific grade, batch, and final article. When tested under EU Regulation 10/2011 and FDA 21 CFR 177.1520, PLA can meet overall migration limits below 10 mg/dm², but the final article must be tested in the intended contact condition. The product should not be exposed to strong alkaline media or to solvents such as methylene chloride; these conditions degrade the polyester backbone. Storage in sealed bags at temperatures below 30 °C and relative humidity below 50% is recommended to prevent moisture pickup. If stored for more than 12 months, re-drying is required before processing.
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